Name: Walrus (Odobenus rosmarus)
Average Length: 2 - 3.5 meters (6.6 – 11.5 feet)
Average Weight: 800 - 1,200 kg (1,764 – 2,646 pounds)
Location: Northern Atlantic and Pacific Oceans as well as the Laptev Sea, which is part of the Arctic Ocean
Conservation status: Insufficient data (last global census taken in 1990, now inadequate to determine threat category)
Diet: Mollusks and secondarily, sea cucumbers, coral, shrimp, crabs, tubeworms, tunicates, and other small marine organisms. Lastly, seals, seabirds, whales, and whale carcasses
Appearance: Long tusks (up to a meter in length, or three feet) with whiskers and blubbery skin that is dark brown in youth and grows pinker or rust-colored with age
What do walruses eat?
While walruses eat all sorts of small aquatic creatures, their food of choice is clam. To find clams, walruses dive to shallow sea floors and search with their sensitive vibrissae (whiskers). Once food is found, walruses seal their lips to the clam’s shell and quickly withdraw their tongues back into their mouths. This creates a vacuum, sucking the meat out of the shell. Walruses also prey on seals and even narwhals if they’re trapped by ice. Dives can range from around 80-90 meters (265 – 295 feet) deep, and walruses can stay underwater for about 30 minutes.
Do walruses socialize?
Walruses herd together on ice floes and on shore. Usually the herds are separated by sex. Relations become less friendly during mating season, when male walruses fight for dominance over a harem of walrus females. Sunbathing walruses can gather in the hundreds. During mating season, these numbers can go up into the thousands. If startled, a stampede of walruses has been known to crush members of its own herd.
How fast can walruses move?
Walruses can move surprisingly fast on land, matching the running speed of a human being. They run on all fours like a dog. While swimming, walruses become graceful and use full-body movements to glide through the water. On average, walruses swim about 7 kph (4 mph) but can speed up to 35 kph (22 mph) if necessary. In the Atlantic and Pacific, thousands of walruses can be seen migrating north for the summer, when the waters open up from under the ice. The walrus herds in the Laptev Sea area are relatively settled, moving very little by comparison.
What are walrus mating rituals like?
Male walruses are sexually mature around seven years old, but they are usually unable to dominate other males for mating privileges until they reach 15 or so. Female walruses are sexually mature as early as four years old.
From January through March, adult male walruses (also known as bulls) fight each other for dominance. The more prominent males then swim around groups of females, emitting vocal calls from the large air sack under their throats.
Pregnancy lasts for about 15 months. Calving occurs during the spring migration (April through June) of the year following impregnation. Walrus calves weigh up to 75kg (165 pounds) and are immediately able to swim. Mothers nurse their young for over a year, and calves stay with their mothers for up to five years.
How long do walruses live?
Walruses generally live to be about 20 to 30 years old in the wild, but they have been known to live as long as 40 years.
How many walruses are there today?
This is largely unknown, but estimates put the worldwide walrus population at approximately 230,000. This number roughly breaks down to:
- Pacific walruses - 200,000
- Atlantic walruses - 20,000
- Laptev Sea walruses - up to 10,000
Do walruses have any predators?
Because of their size and tusks, walruses only have two natural predators: orcas (killer whales) and polar bears. However, both predators prefer to attack easier prey like seals. Humans are historically the greatest hunter of the walrus. During the 1700 - 1800s, the Atlantic population of walruses was hunted nearly to extinction. The walrus was hunted for a range of valued parts:
- Meat for nutrition
- Flippers as a delicacy
- Tusks and bones for tools, art, and fashion
- Oil as a source of heat and light
- Hide for tarps, boat coverings, and rope
- Intestines for waterproof parkas
Currently, walrus hunting is illegal for most people except indigenous groups for whom the animal still represents a major life resource.
What are walrus tusks for?
Walrus tusks are actually canine teeth that keep growing throughout its lifetime. Walruses use their tusks in the following ways:
- Fights between males for dominance over harems
- Hauling themselves up onto ice
- Protection against predators
- Hooking onto ice so they can rest as they float
Eight final walrus facts:
- Walruses spend about two thirds of their life in the water.
- While underwater, walrus heart rates slow down so that they do not become too cold.
- Odobenus rosmarus, the walrus binomial name, means “tooth-walking sea horse.
- A walrus bellow can be heard over 1.5 km (.7 miles) away.
- The walrus is a pinniped, which means “feather footed,” along with other members of the seal family.
- Female walruses move away from the herd to give birth. Nobody is sure exactly why, but it has been suggested it may be to move away from the collective walrus scent that attracts predators or perhaps to keep the calves from being crushed.
- Walrus mothers cuddle calves in the same manner as human mothers.
- Their metabolic rate requires heavier walruses to eat roughly 70 kg (154 pounds) of mussels per day, which corresponds to about 282 Mars bars!